In 1690, when Jesuit priests arrived in the region of eastern Bolivia, known as the Chiquitos, they established 10 missions, which today stand as a Unesco World Heritage Site, thanks to their rehabilitation spearheaded by the Swiss architect, Hans Roth in the 1970-90's.
Music was the chief means by which the Jesuits communicated with the native people. Within each settlement (reduccion), a choir and orchestra were formed, consisting typically of 30-40 musicians. Led by a Chapel Master, who was an Indian, the student musicians would learn to play and sing by heart European music brought over by the Jesuits. At the same time, thanks to the indigenous performers, who played on instruments made by themselves, who composed and included texts with their own languages, the music they created resulted in a new repertoire, which we now call Mission Baroque.